Scutum the Shield is named for a Polish king

Scutum lies above the famous Teapot pattern in the constellation Sagittarius. And it’s near the bright red star Antares in Scorpius. Chart via Chelynne Campion/ EarthSky.

In late July and early August, watch for one of our sky’s most beautiful sights. Look in a dark sky, far from the glare of city lights, for a hazy pathway that stretches across the sky. It’ll be in the southern sky in the Northern Hemisphere, or overhead in the Southern Hemisphere. This band is the edgewise view into our own Milky Way galaxy. And if you see it, you can also find a small but noteworthy constellation called Scutum the Shield.

There are only five stars in Scutum’s outline, but the constellation is noticeable in a dark sky because the Milky Way around it is so rich. In fact, Scutum lies near the famous Teapot pattern in the constellation Sagittarius, which marks the direction of the Milky Way’s center.

Scutum doesn’t mark the exact center of our galaxy, but it’s pretty close!

Named after a Polish king

The constellation Scutum has a fascinating history. In 1683, the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius named it Scutum Sobiescianum, meaning the Shield of Sobieski. He named it for Jan III Sobieski, a Polish king who led his army to victory in the Battle of Vienna. In charts from the era, the constellation resembles the king’s coat of arms on his shield. And today, you still sometimes hear amateur astronomers refer to this part of the sky as Scutum Sobieski.

Scutum is one of two constellations named after real people. The other is Coma Berenices, named for an Egyptian queen.

The Shield isn’t big, and it requires a dark sky to be seen. But – to those who find it in dark skies – it provides some very nice views with the unaided eye or binoculars. The very noticeable Teapot of Sagittarius is below Scutum. And the bright star Vega shines high above.

View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Cecille Kennedy caught this image on June 27, 2021, from the central Oregon coast. It’s another way to see the constellation Scutum, this time in relationship to the constellation Aquila the Eagle, part of the famous Summer Triangle. Thank you, Cecille!

Famous deep-sky objects near Scutum

Some famous deep-sky objects reside in this part of the sky, too. One is the Wild Duck Cluster, also known as M11. It’s an open star cluster – one of the densest ever found – and it contains some 3,000 stars.

Another open cluster in this part of the sky is M26, an open cluster discovered by Charles Messier in 1764.

View at EarthSky Community Photos. | David Hoskin in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, captured this telescopic view of open cluster Messier 11 on July 25, 2022. He wrote: “The Wild Duck Cluster (Messier 11) is an open star cluster located in the constellation Scutum. Its name comes from the cluster’s rough V-shape. The Wild Duck Cluster is densely populated, containing over 2,900 stars. It is 6,200 light-years from Earth.” Thank you, David!

Bottom line: Look for the constellation Scutum the Shield. It’s located in a rich region of the Milky Way and requires a dark sky to be seen.

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